Merge pull request #929 from octodns/value-object

Record values are first-class objects

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -30,6 +30,8 @@
 * Add TtlRestrictionFilter processor for adding ttl restriction/checking
 * NameAllowlistFilter & NameRejectlistFilter implementations to support
   filtering on record names to include/exclude records from management.
+* All Record values are now first class objects. This shouldn't be an externally
+  visible change, but will enable future improvements.
 
 ## v0.9.19 - 2022-08-14 - Subzone handling
 

octodns/record/__init__.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 #
 #
 
-from ipaddress import IPv4Address, IPv6Address
+from ipaddress import IPv4Address as _IPv4Address, IPv6Address as _IPv6Address
 from logging import getLogger
 import re
 
@@ -784,7 +784,38 @@ class _DynamicMixin(object):
         return super(_DynamicMixin, self).__repr__()
 
 
-class _IpList(object):
+class _TargetValue(str):
+    @classmethod
+    def validate(cls, data, _type):
+        reasons = []
+        if data == '':
+            reasons.append('empty value')
+        elif not data:
+            reasons.append('missing value')
+        # NOTE: FQDN complains if the data it receives isn't a str, it doesn't
+        # allow unicode... This is likely specific to 2.7
+        elif not FQDN(str(data), allow_underscores=True).is_valid:
+            reasons.append(f'{_type} value "{data}" is not a valid FQDN')
+        elif not data.endswith('.'):
+            reasons.append(f'{_type} value "{data}" missing trailing .')
+        return reasons
+
+    @classmethod
+    def process(cls, value):
+        if value:
+            return cls(value.lower())
+        return None
+
+
+class CnameValue(_TargetValue):
+    pass
+
+
+class DnameValue(_TargetValue):
+    pass
+
+
+class _IpAddress(str):
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls, data, _type):
         if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
@@ -809,64 +840,37 @@ class _IpList(object):
     def process(cls, values):
         # Translating None into '' so that the list will be sortable in
         # python3, get everything to str first
-        values = [str(v) if v is not None else '' for v in values]
+        values = [v if v is not None else '' for v in values]
         # Now round trip all non-'' through the address type and back to a str
         # to normalize the address representation.
-        return [str(cls._address_type(v)) if v != '' else '' for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) if v != '' else '' for v in values]
 
+    def __new__(cls, v):
+        v = str(cls._address_type(v))
+        return super().__new__(cls, v)
 
-class Ipv4List(_IpList):
-    _address_name = 'IPv4'
-    _address_type = IPv4Address
-
-
-class Ipv6List(_IpList):
-    _address_name = 'IPv6'
-    _address_type = IPv6Address
-
-
-class _TargetValue(object):
-    @classmethod
-    def validate(cls, data, _type):
-        reasons = []
-        if data == '':
-            reasons.append('empty value')
-        elif not data:
-            reasons.append('missing value')
-        # NOTE: FQDN complains if the data it receives isn't a str, it doesn't
-        # allow unicode... This is likely specific to 2.7
-        elif not FQDN(str(data), allow_underscores=True).is_valid:
-            reasons.append(f'{_type} value "{data}" is not a valid FQDN')
-        elif not data.endswith('.'):
-            reasons.append(f'{_type} value "{data}" missing trailing .')
-        return reasons
-
-    @classmethod
-    def process(self, value):
-        if value:
-            return value.lower()
-        return value
-
-
-class CnameValue(_TargetValue):
-    pass
 
-
-class DnameValue(_TargetValue):
-    pass
+class Ipv4Address(_IpAddress):
+    _address_type = _IPv4Address
+    _address_name = 'IPv4'
 
 
 class ARecord(_DynamicMixin, _GeoMixin, Record):
     _type = 'A'
-    _value_type = Ipv4List
+    _value_type = Ipv4Address
 
 
 Record.register_type(ARecord)
 
 
+class Ipv6Address(_IpAddress):
+    _address_type = _IPv6Address
+    _address_name = 'IPv6'
+
+
 class AaaaRecord(_DynamicMixin, _GeoMixin, Record):
     _type = 'AAAA'
-    _value_type = Ipv6List
+    _value_type = Ipv6Address
 
 
 Record.register_type(AaaaRecord)
@@ -892,7 +896,7 @@ class AliasRecord(ValueMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(AliasRecord)
 
 
-class CaaValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class CaaValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6844#page-5
 
     @classmethod
@@ -916,16 +920,44 @@ class CaaValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [CaaValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.flags = int(value.get('flags', 0))
-        self.tag = value['tag']
-        self.value = value['value']
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'flags': int(value.get('flags', 0)),
+                'tag': value['tag'],
+                'value': value['value'],
+            }
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def flags(self):
+        return self['flags']
+
+    @flags.setter
+    def flags(self, value):
+        self['flags'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def tag(self):
+        return self['tag']
+
+    @tag.setter
+    def tag(self, value):
+        self['tag'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def value(self):
+        return self['value']
+
+    @value.setter
+    def value(self, value):
+        self['value'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {'flags': self.flags, 'tag': self.tag, 'value': self.value}
+        return self
 
     def _equality_tuple(self):
         return (self.flags, self.tag, self.value)
@@ -966,7 +998,7 @@ class DnameRecord(_DynamicMixin, ValueMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(DnameRecord)
 
 
-class LocValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class LocValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     # TODO: work out how to do defaults per RFC
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1062,38 +1094,125 @@ class LocValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [LocValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.lat_degrees = int(value['lat_degrees'])
-        self.lat_minutes = int(value['lat_minutes'])
-        self.lat_seconds = float(value['lat_seconds'])
-        self.lat_direction = value['lat_direction'].upper()
-        self.long_degrees = int(value['long_degrees'])
-        self.long_minutes = int(value['long_minutes'])
-        self.long_seconds = float(value['long_seconds'])
-        self.long_direction = value['long_direction'].upper()
-        self.altitude = float(value['altitude'])
-        self.size = float(value['size'])
-        self.precision_horz = float(value['precision_horz'])
-        self.precision_vert = float(value['precision_vert'])
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'lat_degrees': int(value['lat_degrees']),
+                'lat_minutes': int(value['lat_minutes']),
+                'lat_seconds': float(value['lat_seconds']),
+                'lat_direction': value['lat_direction'].upper(),
+                'long_degrees': int(value['long_degrees']),
+                'long_minutes': int(value['long_minutes']),
+                'long_seconds': float(value['long_seconds']),
+                'long_direction': value['long_direction'].upper(),
+                'altitude': float(value['altitude']),
+                'size': float(value['size']),
+                'precision_horz': float(value['precision_horz']),
+                'precision_vert': float(value['precision_vert']),
+            }
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def lat_degrees(self):
+        return self['lat_degrees']
+
+    @lat_degrees.setter
+    def lat_degrees(self, value):
+        self['lat_degrees'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def lat_minutes(self):
+        return self['lat_minutes']
+
+    @lat_minutes.setter
+    def lat_minutes(self, value):
+        self['lat_minutes'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def lat_seconds(self):
+        return self['lat_seconds']
+
+    @lat_seconds.setter
+    def lat_seconds(self, value):
+        self['lat_seconds'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def lat_direction(self):
+        return self['lat_direction']
+
+    @lat_direction.setter
+    def lat_direction(self, value):
+        self['lat_direction'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def long_degrees(self):
+        return self['long_degrees']
+
+    @long_degrees.setter
+    def long_degrees(self, value):
+        self['long_degrees'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def long_minutes(self):
+        return self['long_minutes']
+
+    @long_minutes.setter
+    def long_minutes(self, value):
+        self['long_minutes'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def long_seconds(self):
+        return self['long_seconds']
+
+    @long_seconds.setter
+    def long_seconds(self, value):
+        self['long_seconds'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def long_direction(self):
+        return self['long_direction']
+
+    @long_direction.setter
+    def long_direction(self, value):
+        self['long_direction'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def altitude(self):
+        return self['altitude']
+
+    @altitude.setter
+    def altitude(self, value):
+        self['altitude'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def size(self):
+        return self['size']
+
+    @size.setter
+    def size(self, value):
+        self['size'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def precision_horz(self):
+        return self['precision_horz']
+
+    @precision_horz.setter
+    def precision_horz(self, value):
+        self['precision_horz'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def precision_vert(self):
+        return self['precision_vert']
+
+    @precision_vert.setter
+    def precision_vert(self, value):
+        self['precision_vert'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {
-            'lat_degrees': self.lat_degrees,
-            'lat_minutes': self.lat_minutes,
-            'lat_seconds': self.lat_seconds,
-            'lat_direction': self.lat_direction,
-            'long_degrees': self.long_degrees,
-            'long_minutes': self.long_minutes,
-            'long_seconds': self.long_seconds,
-            'long_direction': self.long_direction,
-            'altitude': self.altitude,
-            'size': self.size,
-            'precision_horz': self.precision_horz,
-            'precision_vert': self.precision_vert,
-        }
+        return self
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(
@@ -1148,7 +1267,7 @@ class LocRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(LocRecord)
 
 
-class MxValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class MxValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls, data, _type):
         if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
@@ -1183,7 +1302,7 @@ class MxValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [MxValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
         # RFC1035 says preference, half the providers use priority
@@ -1191,17 +1310,34 @@ class MxValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
             preference = value['preference']
         except KeyError:
             preference = value['priority']
-        self.preference = int(preference)
         # UNTIL 1.0 remove value fallback
         try:
             exchange = value['exchange']
         except KeyError:
             exchange = value['value']
-        self.exchange = exchange.lower()
+        super().__init__(
+            {'preference': int(preference), 'exchange': exchange.lower()}
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def preference(self):
+        return self['preference']
+
+    @preference.setter
+    def preference(self, value):
+        self['preference'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def exchange(self):
+        return self['exchange']
+
+    @exchange.setter
+    def exchange(self, value):
+        self['exchange'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {'preference': self.preference, 'exchange': self.exchange}
+        return self
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash((self.preference, self.exchange))
@@ -1221,7 +1357,7 @@ class MxRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(MxRecord)
 
 
-class NaptrValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class NaptrValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     VALID_FLAGS = ('S', 'A', 'U', 'P')
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1258,26 +1394,71 @@ class NaptrValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [NaptrValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.order = int(value['order'])
-        self.preference = int(value['preference'])
-        self.flags = value['flags']
-        self.service = value['service']
-        self.regexp = value['regexp']
-        self.replacement = value['replacement']
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'order': int(value['order']),
+                'preference': int(value['preference']),
+                'flags': value['flags'],
+                'service': value['service'],
+                'regexp': value['regexp'],
+                'replacement': value['replacement'],
+            }
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def order(self):
+        return self['order']
+
+    @order.setter
+    def order(self, value):
+        self['order'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def preference(self):
+        return self['preference']
+
+    @preference.setter
+    def preference(self, value):
+        self['preference'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def flags(self):
+        return self['flags']
+
+    @flags.setter
+    def flags(self, value):
+        self['flags'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def service(self):
+        return self['service']
+
+    @service.setter
+    def service(self, value):
+        self['service'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def regexp(self):
+        return self['regexp']
+
+    @regexp.setter
+    def regexp(self, value):
+        self['regexp'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def replacement(self):
+        return self['replacement']
+
+    @replacement.setter
+    def replacement(self, value):
+        self['replacement'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {
-            'order': self.order,
-            'preference': self.preference,
-            'flags': self.flags,
-            'service': self.service,
-            'regexp': self.regexp,
-            'replacement': self.replacement,
-        }
+        return self
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.__repr__())
@@ -1310,7 +1491,7 @@ class NaptrRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(NaptrRecord)
 
 
-class _NsValue(object):
+class _NsValue(str):
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls, data, _type):
         if not data:
@@ -1329,7 +1510,7 @@ class _NsValue(object):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return values
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
 
 class NsRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
@@ -1358,7 +1539,8 @@ class PtrValue(_TargetValue):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [super(PtrValue, cls).process(v) for v in values]
+        supr = super()
+        return [supr.process(v) for v in values]
 
 
 class PtrRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
@@ -1375,7 +1557,7 @@ class PtrRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(PtrRecord)
 
 
-class SshfpValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class SshfpValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     VALID_ALGORITHMS = (1, 2, 3, 4)
     VALID_FINGERPRINT_TYPES = (1, 2)
 
@@ -1411,20 +1593,44 @@ class SshfpValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [SshfpValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.algorithm = int(value['algorithm'])
-        self.fingerprint_type = int(value['fingerprint_type'])
-        self.fingerprint = value['fingerprint']
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'algorithm': int(value['algorithm']),
+                'fingerprint_type': int(value['fingerprint_type']),
+                'fingerprint': value['fingerprint'],
+            }
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def algorithm(self):
+        return self['algorithm']
+
+    @algorithm.setter
+    def algorithm(self, value):
+        self['algorithm'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def fingerprint_type(self):
+        return self['fingerprint_type']
+
+    @fingerprint_type.setter
+    def fingerprint_type(self, value):
+        self['fingerprint_type'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def fingerprint(self):
+        return self['fingerprint']
+
+    @fingerprint.setter
+    def fingerprint(self, value):
+        self['fingerprint'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {
-            'algorithm': self.algorithm,
-            'fingerprint_type': self.fingerprint_type,
-            'fingerprint': self.fingerprint,
-        }
+        return self
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.__repr__())
@@ -1465,7 +1671,7 @@ class _ChunkedValuesMixin(ValuesMixin):
         return values
 
 
-class _ChunkedValue(object):
+class _ChunkedValue(str):
     _unescaped_semicolon_re = re.compile(r'\w;')
 
     @classmethod
@@ -1486,7 +1692,7 @@ class _ChunkedValue(object):
         for v in values:
             if v and v[0] == '"':
                 v = v[1:-1]
-            ret.append(v.replace('" "', ''))
+            ret.append(cls(v.replace('" "', '')))
         return ret
 
 
@@ -1498,7 +1704,7 @@ class SpfRecord(_ChunkedValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(SpfRecord)
 
 
-class SrvValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class SrvValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls, data, _type):
         if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
@@ -1541,22 +1747,53 @@ class SrvValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [SrvValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.priority = int(value['priority'])
-        self.weight = int(value['weight'])
-        self.port = int(value['port'])
-        self.target = value['target'].lower()
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'priority': int(value['priority']),
+                'weight': int(value['weight']),
+                'port': int(value['port']),
+                'target': value['target'].lower(),
+            }
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def priority(self):
+        return self['priority']
+
+    @priority.setter
+    def priority(self, value):
+        self['priority'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def weight(self):
+        return self['weight']
+
+    @weight.setter
+    def weight(self, value):
+        self['weight'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def port(self):
+        return self['port']
+
+    @port.setter
+    def port(self, value):
+        self['port'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def target(self):
+        return self['target']
+
+    @target.setter
+    def target(self, value):
+        self['target'] = value
 
     @property
     def data(self):
-        return {
-            'priority': self.priority,
-            'weight': self.weight,
-            'port': self.port,
-            'target': self.target,
-        }
+        return self
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.__repr__())
@@ -1585,7 +1822,7 @@ class SrvRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(SrvRecord)
 
 
-class TlsaValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class TlsaValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     @classmethod
     def validate(cls, data, _type):
         if not isinstance(data, (list, tuple)):
@@ -1632,24 +1869,51 @@ class TlsaValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [TlsaValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.certificate_usage = int(value.get('certificate_usage', 0))
-        self.selector = int(value.get('selector', 0))
-        self.matching_type = int(value.get('matching_type', 0))
-        self.certificate_association_data = value[
-            'certificate_association_data'
-        ]
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'certificate_usage': int(value.get('certificate_usage', 0)),
+                'selector': int(value.get('selector', 0)),
+                'matching_type': int(value.get('matching_type', 0)),
+                'certificate_association_data': value[
+                    'certificate_association_data'
+                ],
+            }
+        )
 
     @property
-    def data(self):
-        return {
-            'certificate_usage': self.certificate_usage,
-            'selector': self.selector,
-            'matching_type': self.matching_type,
-            'certificate_association_data': self.certificate_association_data,
-        }
+    def certificate_usage(self):
+        return self['certificate_usage']
+
+    @certificate_usage.setter
+    def certificate_usage(self, value):
+        self['certificate_usage'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def selector(self):
+        return self['selector']
+
+    @selector.setter
+    def selector(self, value):
+        self['selector'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def matching_type(self):
+        return self['matching_type']
+
+    @matching_type.setter
+    def matching_type(self, value):
+        self['matching_type'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def certificate_association_data(self):
+        return self['certificate_association_data']
+
+    @certificate_association_data.setter
+    def certificate_association_data(self, value):
+        self['certificate_association_data'] = value
 
     def _equality_tuple(self):
         return (
@@ -1686,7 +1950,7 @@ class TxtRecord(_ChunkedValuesMixin, Record):
 Record.register_type(TxtRecord)
 
 
-class UrlfwdValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
+class UrlfwdValue(EqualityTupleMixin, dict):
     VALID_CODES = (301, 302)
     VALID_MASKS = (0, 1, 2)
     VALID_QUERY = (0, 1)
@@ -1728,37 +1992,70 @@ class UrlfwdValue(EqualityTupleMixin):
 
     @classmethod
     def process(cls, values):
-        return [UrlfwdValue(v) for v in values]
+        return [cls(v) for v in values]
 
     def __init__(self, value):
-        self.path = value['path']
-        self.target = value['target']
-        self.code = int(value['code'])
-        self.masking = int(value['masking'])
-        self.query = int(value['query'])
+        super().__init__(
+            {
+                'path': value['path'],
+                'target': value['target'],
+                'code': int(value['code']),
+                'masking': int(value['masking']),
+                'query': int(value['query']),
+            }
+        )
 
     @property
-    def data(self):
-        return {
-            'path': self.path,
-            'target': self.target,
-            'code': self.code,
-            'masking': self.masking,
-            'query': self.query,
-        }
+    def path(self):
+        return self['path']
 
-    def __hash__(self):
-        return hash(self.__repr__())
+    @path.setter
+    def path(self, value):
+        self['path'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def target(self):
+        return self['target']
+
+    @target.setter
+    def target(self, value):
+        self['target'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def code(self):
+        return self['code']
+
+    @code.setter
+    def code(self, value):
+        self['code'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def masking(self):
+        return self['masking']
+
+    @masking.setter
+    def masking(self, value):
+        self['masking'] = value
+
+    @property
+    def query(self):
+        return self['query']
+
+    @query.setter
+    def query(self, value):
+        self['query'] = value
 
     def _equality_tuple(self):
         return (self.path, self.target, self.code, self.masking, self.query)
 
-    def __repr__(self):
-        return (
-            f'"{self.path}" "{self.target}" {self.code} '
-            f'{self.masking} {self.query}'
+    def __hash__(self):
+        return hash(
+            (self.path, self.target, self.code, self.masking, self.query)
         )
 
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'"{self.path}" "{self.target}" {self.code} {self.masking} {self.query}'
+
 
 class UrlfwdRecord(ValuesMixin, Record):
     _type = 'URLFWD'

octodns/yaml.py

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 from natsort import natsort_keygen
 from yaml import SafeDumper, SafeLoader, load, dump
+from yaml.representer import SafeRepresenter
 from yaml.constructor import ConstructorError
 
 
@@ -54,6 +55,10 @@ class SortingDumper(SafeDumper):
 
 
 SortingDumper.add_representer(dict, SortingDumper._representer)
+# This should handle all the record value types which are ultimately either str
+# or dict at some point in their inheritance hierarchy
+SortingDumper.add_multi_representer(str, SafeRepresenter.represent_str)
+SortingDumper.add_multi_representer(dict, SortingDumper._representer)
 
 
 def safe_dump(data, fh, **options):

tests/test_octodns_record.py

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ from octodns.record import (
     SrvRecord,
     SrvValue,
     TlsaRecord,
+    TlsaValue,
     TxtRecord,
     Update,
     UrlfwdRecord,
@@ -386,12 +387,14 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_caa(self):
         a_values = [
-            {'flags': 0, 'tag': 'issue', 'value': 'ca.example.net'},
-            {
-                'flags': 128,
-                'tag': 'iodef',
-                'value': 'mailto:security@example.com',
-            },
+            CaaValue({'flags': 0, 'tag': 'issue', 'value': 'ca.example.net'}),
+            CaaValue(
+                {
+                    'flags': 128,
+                    'tag': 'iodef',
+                    'value': 'mailto:security@example.com',
+                }
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = CaaRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -406,7 +409,9 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['value'], a.values[1].value)
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {'tag': 'iodef', 'value': 'http://iodef.example.com/'}
+        b_value = CaaValue(
+            {'tag': 'iodef', 'value': 'http://iodef.example.com/'}
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = CaaRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(0, b.values[0].flags)
@@ -448,20 +453,22 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_loc(self):
         a_values = [
-            {
-                'lat_degrees': 31,
-                'lat_minutes': 58,
-                'lat_seconds': 52.1,
-                'lat_direction': 'S',
-                'long_degrees': 115,
-                'long_minutes': 49,
-                'long_seconds': 11.7,
-                'long_direction': 'E',
-                'altitude': 20,
-                'size': 10,
-                'precision_horz': 10,
-                'precision_vert': 2,
-            }
+            LocValue(
+                {
+                    'lat_degrees': 31,
+                    'lat_minutes': 58,
+                    'lat_seconds': 52.1,
+                    'lat_direction': 'S',
+                    'long_degrees': 115,
+                    'long_minutes': 49,
+                    'long_seconds': 11.7,
+                    'long_direction': 'E',
+                    'altitude': 20,
+                    'size': 10,
+                    'precision_horz': 10,
+                    'precision_vert': 2,
+                }
+            )
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = LocRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -489,20 +496,22 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
             a_values[0]['precision_vert'], a.values[0].precision_vert
         )
 
-        b_value = {
-            'lat_degrees': 32,
-            'lat_minutes': 7,
-            'lat_seconds': 19,
-            'lat_direction': 'S',
-            'long_degrees': 116,
-            'long_minutes': 2,
-            'long_seconds': 25,
-            'long_direction': 'E',
-            'altitude': 10,
-            'size': 1,
-            'precision_horz': 10000,
-            'precision_vert': 10,
-        }
+        b_value = LocValue(
+            {
+                'lat_degrees': 32,
+                'lat_minutes': 7,
+                'lat_seconds': 19,
+                'lat_direction': 'S',
+                'long_degrees': 116,
+                'long_minutes': 2,
+                'long_seconds': 25,
+                'long_direction': 'E',
+                'altitude': 10,
+                'size': 1,
+                'precision_horz': 10000,
+                'precision_vert': 10,
+            }
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = LocRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(b_value['lat_degrees'], b.values[0].lat_degrees)
@@ -540,8 +549,8 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_mx(self):
         a_values = [
-            {'preference': 10, 'exchange': 'smtp1.'},
-            {'priority': 20, 'value': 'smtp2.'},
+            MxValue({'preference': 10, 'exchange': 'smtp1.'}),
+            MxValue({'priority': 20, 'value': 'smtp2.'}),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = MxRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -550,12 +559,12 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(30, a.ttl)
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['preference'], a.values[0].preference)
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['exchange'], a.values[0].exchange)
-        self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['priority'], a.values[1].preference)
-        self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['value'], a.values[1].exchange)
-        a_data['values'][1] = {'preference': 20, 'exchange': 'smtp2.'}
+        self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['preference'], a.values[1].preference)
+        self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['exchange'], a.values[1].exchange)
+        a_data['values'][1] = MxValue({'preference': 20, 'exchange': 'smtp2.'})
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {'preference': 0, 'exchange': 'smtp3.'}
+        b_value = MxValue({'preference': 0, 'exchange': 'smtp3.'})
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = MxRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(b_value['preference'], b.values[0].preference)
@@ -591,22 +600,26 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_naptr(self):
         a_values = [
-            {
-                'order': 10,
-                'preference': 11,
-                'flags': 'X',
-                'service': 'Y',
-                'regexp': 'Z',
-                'replacement': '.',
-            },
-            {
-                'order': 20,
-                'preference': 21,
-                'flags': 'A',
-                'service': 'B',
-                'regexp': 'C',
-                'replacement': 'foo.com',
-            },
+            NaptrValue(
+                {
+                    'order': 10,
+                    'preference': 11,
+                    'flags': 'X',
+                    'service': 'Y',
+                    'regexp': 'Z',
+                    'replacement': '.',
+                }
+            ),
+            NaptrValue(
+                {
+                    'order': 20,
+                    'preference': 21,
+                    'flags': 'A',
+                    'service': 'B',
+                    'regexp': 'C',
+                    'replacement': 'foo.com',
+                }
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = NaptrRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -618,14 +631,16 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
                 self.assertEqual(a_values[i][k], getattr(a.values[i], k))
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {
-            'order': 30,
-            'preference': 31,
-            'flags': 'M',
-            'service': 'N',
-            'regexp': 'O',
-            'replacement': 'x',
-        }
+        b_value = NaptrValue(
+            {
+                'order': 30,
+                'preference': 31,
+                'flags': 'M',
+                'service': 'N',
+                'regexp': 'O',
+                'replacement': 'x',
+            }
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = NaptrRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         for k in a_values[0].keys():
@@ -849,6 +864,30 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         values.add(o)
         self.assertTrue(o in values)
 
+        self.assertEqual(30, o.order)
+        o.order = o.order + 1
+        self.assertEqual(31, o.order)
+
+        self.assertEqual(32, o.preference)
+        o.preference = o.preference + 1
+        self.assertEqual(33, o.preference)
+
+        self.assertEqual('M', o.flags)
+        o.flags = 'P'
+        self.assertEqual('P', o.flags)
+
+        self.assertEqual('N', o.service)
+        o.service = 'Q'
+        self.assertEqual('Q', o.service)
+
+        self.assertEqual('O', o.regexp)
+        o.regexp = 'R'
+        self.assertEqual('R', o.regexp)
+
+        self.assertEqual('z', o.replacement)
+        o.replacement = '1'
+        self.assertEqual('1', o.replacement)
+
     def test_ns(self):
         a_values = ['5.6.7.8.', '6.7.8.9.', '7.8.9.0.']
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
@@ -867,8 +906,20 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_sshfp(self):
         a_values = [
-            {'algorithm': 10, 'fingerprint_type': 11, 'fingerprint': 'abc123'},
-            {'algorithm': 20, 'fingerprint_type': 21, 'fingerprint': 'def456'},
+            SshfpValue(
+                {
+                    'algorithm': 10,
+                    'fingerprint_type': 11,
+                    'fingerprint': 'abc123',
+                }
+            ),
+            SshfpValue(
+                {
+                    'algorithm': 20,
+                    'fingerprint_type': 21,
+                    'fingerprint': 'def456',
+                }
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = SshfpRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -882,11 +933,9 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['fingerprint'], a.values[0].fingerprint)
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {
-            'algorithm': 30,
-            'fingerprint_type': 31,
-            'fingerprint': 'ghi789',
-        }
+        b_value = SshfpValue(
+            {'algorithm': 30, 'fingerprint_type': 31, 'fingerprint': 'ghi789'}
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = SshfpRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(b_value['algorithm'], b.values[0].algorithm)
@@ -930,8 +979,12 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_srv(self):
         a_values = [
-            {'priority': 10, 'weight': 11, 'port': 12, 'target': 'server1'},
-            {'priority': 20, 'weight': 21, 'port': 22, 'target': 'server2'},
+            SrvValue(
+                {'priority': 10, 'weight': 11, 'port': 12, 'target': 'server1'}
+            ),
+            SrvValue(
+                {'priority': 20, 'weight': 21, 'port': 22, 'target': 'server2'}
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = SrvRecord(self.zone, '_a._tcp', a_data)
@@ -942,14 +995,21 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['weight'], a.values[0].weight)
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['port'], a.values[0].port)
         self.assertEqual(a_values[0]['target'], a.values[0].target)
+        from pprint import pprint
+
+        pprint(
+            {
+                'a_values': a_values,
+                'self': a_data,
+                'other': a.data,
+                'a.values': a.values,
+            }
+        )
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {
-            'priority': 30,
-            'weight': 31,
-            'port': 32,
-            'target': 'server3',
-        }
+        b_value = SrvValue(
+            {'priority': 30, 'weight': 31, 'port': 32, 'target': 'server3'}
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = SrvRecord(self.zone, '_b._tcp', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(b_value['priority'], b.values[0].priority)
@@ -993,18 +1053,22 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_tlsa(self):
         a_values = [
-            {
-                'certificate_usage': 1,
-                'selector': 1,
-                'matching_type': 1,
-                'certificate_association_data': 'ABABABABABABABABAB',
-            },
-            {
-                'certificate_usage': 2,
-                'selector': 0,
-                'matching_type': 2,
-                'certificate_association_data': 'ABABABABABABABABAC',
-            },
+            TlsaValue(
+                {
+                    'certificate_usage': 1,
+                    'selector': 1,
+                    'matching_type': 1,
+                    'certificate_association_data': 'ABABABABABABABABAB',
+                }
+            ),
+            TlsaValue(
+                {
+                    'certificate_usage': 2,
+                    'selector': 0,
+                    'matching_type': 2,
+                    'certificate_association_data': 'ABABABABABABABABAC',
+                }
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = TlsaRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -1036,12 +1100,14 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {
-            'certificate_usage': 0,
-            'selector': 0,
-            'matching_type': 0,
-            'certificate_association_data': 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
-        }
+        b_value = TlsaValue(
+            {
+                'certificate_usage': 0,
+                'selector': 0,
+                'matching_type': 0,
+                'certificate_association_data': 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAA',
+            }
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = TlsaRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -1093,20 +1159,24 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
 
     def test_urlfwd(self):
         a_values = [
-            {
-                'path': '/',
-                'target': 'http://foo',
-                'code': 301,
-                'masking': 2,
-                'query': 0,
-            },
-            {
-                'path': '/target',
-                'target': 'http://target',
-                'code': 302,
-                'masking': 2,
-                'query': 0,
-            },
+            UrlfwdValue(
+                {
+                    'path': '/',
+                    'target': 'http://foo',
+                    'code': 301,
+                    'masking': 2,
+                    'query': 0,
+                }
+            ),
+            UrlfwdValue(
+                {
+                    'path': '/target',
+                    'target': 'http://target',
+                    'code': 302,
+                    'masking': 2,
+                    'query': 0,
+                }
+            ),
         ]
         a_data = {'ttl': 30, 'values': a_values}
         a = UrlfwdRecord(self.zone, 'a', a_data)
@@ -1125,13 +1195,15 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(a_values[1]['query'], a.values[1].query)
         self.assertEqual(a_data, a.data)
 
-        b_value = {
-            'path': '/',
-            'target': 'http://location',
-            'code': 301,
-            'masking': 2,
-            'query': 0,
-        }
+        b_value = UrlfwdValue(
+            {
+                'path': '/',
+                'target': 'http://location',
+                'code': 301,
+                'masking': 2,
+                'query': 0,
+            }
+        )
         b_data = {'ttl': 30, 'value': b_value}
         b = UrlfwdRecord(self.zone, 'b', b_data)
         self.assertEqual(b_value['path'], b.values[0].path)
@@ -1653,6 +1725,54 @@ class TestRecord(TestCase):
         self.assertTrue(c >= c)
         self.assertTrue(c <= c)
 
+        self.assertEqual(31, a.lat_degrees)
+        a.lat_degrees = a.lat_degrees + 1
+        self.assertEqual(32, a.lat_degrees)
+
+        self.assertEqual(58, a.lat_minutes)
+        a.lat_minutes = a.lat_minutes + 1
+        self.assertEqual(59, a.lat_minutes)
+
+        self.assertEqual(52.1, a.lat_seconds)
+        a.lat_seconds = a.lat_seconds + 1
+        self.assertEqual(53.1, a.lat_seconds)
+
+        self.assertEqual('S', a.lat_direction)
+        a.lat_direction = 'N'
+        self.assertEqual('N', a.lat_direction)
+
+        self.assertEqual(115, a.long_degrees)
+        a.long_degrees = a.long_degrees + 1
+        self.assertEqual(116, a.long_degrees)
+
+        self.assertEqual(49, a.long_minutes)
+        a.long_minutes = a.long_minutes + 1
+        self.assertEqual(50, a.long_minutes)
+
+        self.assertEqual(11.7, a.long_seconds)
+        a.long_seconds = a.long_seconds + 1
+        self.assertEqual(12.7, a.long_seconds)
+
+        self.assertEqual('E', a.long_direction)
+        a.long_direction = 'W'
+        self.assertEqual('W', a.long_direction)
+
+        self.assertEqual(20, a.altitude)
+        a.altitude = a.altitude + 1
+        self.assertEqual(21, a.altitude)
+
+        self.assertEqual(10, a.size)
+        a.size = a.size + 1
+        self.assertEqual(11, a.size)
+
+        self.assertEqual(10, a.precision_horz)
+        a.precision_horz = a.precision_horz + 1
+        self.assertEqual(11, a.precision_horz)
+
+        self.assertEqual(2, a.precision_vert)
+        a.precision_vert = a.precision_vert + 1
+        self.assertEqual(3, a.precision_vert)
+
         # Hash
         values = set()
         values.add(a)
@@ -3038,7 +3158,7 @@ class TestRecordValidation(TestCase):
         )
         self.assertEqual('.', record.values[0].exchange)
 
-    def test_NXPTR(self):
+    def test_NAPTR(self):
         # doesn't blow up
         Record.new(
             self.zone,